KUCHING: Sarawak’s picturesque rivers, once serene habitats for the formidable saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), are now witnessing a troubling surge in human-crocodile encounters.
As conservation initiatives bolster crocodile populations, the frequency of these interactions has escalated, at times resulting in tragic outcomes.
As crocodile populations rebound due to conservation efforts, encounters with humans have become more frequent, sometimes with tragic consequences.
Home to not just the renowned Crocodylus porosus but also the lesser-known Tomistoma schlegelii, Sarawak boasts a rich cultural tapestry intertwined with crocodiles.
From the legendary tales of Bujang Senang to beliefs in the curative powers of crocodile body parts, these creatures hold a profound significance in the state’s heritage.
However, the burgeoning crocodile numbers have cast a shadow of apprehension over public safety.
Research by Emerald Keith Menai and Assoc Prof Dr Hasmahzaiti Omar sheds light on the drastic decline in the Crocodylus porosus population during the 1980s, a consequence of relentless hunting for their hides, flesh, and eggs.
“While conservation measures have facilitated a remarkable recovery, a new predicament has emerged—a surge in human-crocodile conflicts,” it said.
A 2012 crocodile census spanning the Bako River, Batang Samarahan, and Sibu Laut River has unearthed intriguing patterns.
While Sungai Sibu Laut witnesses a decline in crocodile density, attributed to human activities and habitat degradation, Batang Samarahan remains a haven for successful crocodile nesting, indicating a robust population.
“Human-crocodile conflicts have become more common in recent years. Between 2000 and 2020, Sarawak recorded 164 crocodile attacks, averaging 7.8 cases per year. In recent years, the numbers have remained concerning, with six fatal attacks recorded in both 2022 and 2023. The highest number of fatalities was recorded in 2021, with nine deaths,” it said.
More recently, two tragic incidents occurred in December 2024. A 15-year-old boy was killed by a crocodile while fishing in the Samariang area on December 23. Just a day earlier, a fisherman in Kuala Baram was fatally attacked, and his body was recovered four days later.
These cases have reignited discussions on how to manage the growing crocodile population while ensuring public safety.
Urbanization, large-scale plantations, and increased human activities along Sarawak’s rivers have significantly impacted crocodile habitats, reducing their food sources and escalating conflicts.
“A recent survey revealed mixed public opinions on solutions—49 percent of respondents supported culling to control crocodile numbers, 27 percent advocated for continuous monitoring, and 24 percent suggested relocating aggressive crocodiles to sanctuaries or zoos,”it said.
Experts emphasise the necessity of a nuanced strategy harmonizing conservation efforts with public safety imperatives. Robust population data, community engagement, and tactical management are deemed indispensable.
Collaborative endeavors encompassing public awareness drives, river safety protocols, and stakeholder cooperation could assuage conflicts while safeguarding Sarawak’s rich ecological diversity.
“The government is urged to implement regular crocodile population monitoring, strengthen habitat conservation, and promote public education initiatives.
“Meanwhile, local communities can play a vital role by reporting crocodile sightings and adopting precautionary measures. With coordinated efforts, Sarawak can protect both its people and its iconic apex predators, ensuring a future where humans and crocodiles coexist safely,” it added.
