KUCHING: As Sarawak prepares for the Southwest Monsoon, the public is reminded that small acts of awareness can protect the most vulnerable.
Public health physician, Associate Professor Dr Helmy Hazmi, said that knowing your neighbours, especially the elderly living alone, could make a critical difference during periods of extreme heat.
While raising awareness of heat-related illness is essential, he said small actions, like checking on neighbours, can strengthen community support for those most at risk during extreme heat.
“Older adults above 65 years old, especially those living alone, may have age-related decline in heat regulation and multiple chronic conditions.
“Social isolation adds further risk during heatwaves.
“Infants and young children are vulnerable too, as they depend on caregivers to keep them hydrated and cool. Neglect can have severe consequences,” he said to Sarawak Tribune.
The monsoon, expected to start on May 10, brings hotter, drier days with increased risk of haze across the country.
In northern Sarawak, however, early morning thunderstorms may still occur due to squall lines, according to MetMalaysia’s recent advisory.
Dr Helmy urged the public to limit outdoor activities during the day, particularly for children, the elderly and those with existing medical conditions.
If outdoor activity cannot be avoided, he advised drinking water every 30 minutes and avoiding caffeine, sugary drinks and alcohol.
He stressed that clothing choices also matter.
“Wear light-coloured, loose-fitting, and breathable clothes. Keep umbrellas, hats and sunscreen within reach,” he advised.
Additionally, employers should adjust work schedules to cooler hours such as early mornings, late afternoons or evenings, especially for outdoor labourers.
He said operating in pairs or groups allows workers to monitor each other for signs of heat-related distress before it escalates.
“It may seem like a big thing to ask, but providing cooling rooms and on-site shower facilities can help workers cool down. Cooling gel packs are useful as well.
“Workers on construction sites or delivery riders should carry spray bottles and cool their body regularly through misting and evaporation,” he suggested.
The public is also encouraged to monitor air quality through the Department of Environment’s website, and avoid outdoor activities when API levels spike.
He noted that investing in air purifiers with HEPA filters also helps.
“Indoor air quality is equally important but often overlooked. During high pollution periods, keep windows and doors closed.
“While smoking and vaping are definite no-nos, avoid other activities that worsen indoor air quality, such as lighting incense or deep-frying,” he explained.
On health risks, Dr Helmy said early signs of heat exhaustion include cramps, dizziness, fatigue, nausea and cold, clammy skin despite hot surroundings.
If not treated, he warned that it may lead to heatstroke, a medical emergency marked by body temperature above 40 degrees Celsius.
“Watch for signs that the person is ‘not themselves’, such as mental status changes including confusion, agitation, irritability or slurred speech.
“Headache, dizziness and nausea may persist or worsen.
“If left untreated, heat stroke can lead to seizures, coma, and ultimately multi-organ failure due to widespread inflammation and cell damage,” he added.
